How can vehicle owners be persuaded to make their parked electric vehicle available to the power grid as an electricity storage unit? What incentives and services could be effective here? For example, how should special electricity tariffs for "feeders" be evaluated or what effect do special battery replacement services have for "feeders"? This IZT research project, which was commissioned by B.A.U.M.Consult, focussed on these questions.

The role that electromobility can play in stabilising the electrical distribution grids depends not only on technological aspects, but also on the usage patterns of private and commercial users of electric vehicles. Not only individual user behaviour but also the local, temporal and occasion-related framework conditions are key factors in this respect. In addition, the achievable contribution to grid stability is largely determined by the temporal correspondence of supply and demand in the generation, storage and consumption of electrical energy and its controllability.

However, the willingness to provide an electric vehicle as an actuator for the electricity grid is not solely dependent on individual usage routines. Rather, a corresponding positive decision can also be encouraged through targeted incentives and service offers. In this context, various service offers (such as a battery exchange service), ICT-based systems for information and billing or other incentives such as special tariffs for "feeders" can help to overcome obstacles and increase user acceptance of the grid integration of their electric vehicles.

The objective of this evaluation was to

  • To gain an overview of the current state of research in Germany and Europe and to identify corresponding research gaps with regard to network behaviour and acceptance, and
  • to analyse the incentive system that is already successful and promising for the future and to examine the associated business models in detail and work out which specific forms of electromobility and their framework conditions particularly promote grid integration.